A Linguistic Analysis of Pastor Young Hoon Lee’s “Absolute Gratitude”: Focusing on a Comparison with the Dictionary Definition of “Absolute Gratitude”
이영훈 목사의 ‘절대 감사’에 대한 언어학적 의미 분석: 사전(辭典)적인 ‘절대 감사’와의 의미 비교를 중심으로
박나리 Park Naree
74 (0) 7-40, 2025
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.7
박나리 Park Naree
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.7 Vol.74(No.0) 7-40, 2025
Abstract
This study examines “Absolute Gratitude” in Pastor Young Hoon Lee’s theological and ministerial chatchphrase, “Absolute Positivity, Absolute Gratitude,” and analyzes its meaning from a semantic perspective. This is because previous studies on Pastor Young Hoon Lee have primarily focused on “Absolute Positivity.” As a research methodology, this study introduces an analysis of the semantic features of co-occurring words that frequently appear with “Absolute Gratitude” in Pastor Young Hoon Lee’s discourses, and empirically analyzes the meaning of “Absolute Gratitude.” This semantic analysis effectively helps to examine what is in common and what differs between Pastor Lee’s “Absolute Gratitude” and the dictionary-based “absolute gratitude.”
As a result, conceptually, both share the semantic feature of [gratitude regardless of conditions and situations]. On the other hand, Pastor Young Hoon Lee’s “Absolute Gratitude” includes distinctive semantic features absent from the dictionary sense of “absolute gratitude”: [God as the object of gratitude], [an absolutely positive response to God], [a response to God’s absolute love], [obedience to God’s commands], [the necessity of training], [and the aim of glorifying God, often linked to miracles and blessings].
Furthermore, these semantic features can be grouped into semantic domains that form Pastor Young Hoon Lee’s discourse on “Absolute Gratitude,” namely its concept, object, rationale and basis, method, and effects of “Absolute Gratitude.”
It is noteworthy that an approach to gratitude―characterized by habitual and active training through spoken expressions―is strongly emphasized. Accordingly, gratitude is understood as expanding from the dimension of “cognition” to that of “language” and, ultimately, to “creation.” This progression corresponds directly to the expansion of his other keyword, “Absolute Positivity,” from “cognition” to “words and actions” and, finally, to “creation.”
In addition, by foregrounding the effects of gratitude, the discourse reinforces both the perceived importance of gratitude and motivation to practice it. This emphasis is also portrays God as “Good” and presents a virtuous cycle between human gratitude and God’s response as emerging naturally. The emphasis on both “method” and “effect” also highlights the practical orientation of his theology.
In conclusion, Pastor Young Hoon Lee’s concept of “Absolute Gratitude” centers on the “Good God,” particularly as the God of absolute positivity and absolute love. “Absolute Gratitude” is presented as the appropriate human response to this God. Although “gratitude” is more commonly used than “absolute gratitude” in everyday contexts, Pastor Young Hoon Lee adopts the latter to signal that gratitude in his discourse because his understanding of gratitude is grounded in the good and absolutely sovereign God.
Key Words
절대 감사, 공통적 의미자질, 변별적 의미자질, 의미영역, 의미구조, 절대 긍정, Absolute Gratitude, Common Semantic Feature, Distinctive Semantic Feature, Semantic Domain, Semantic Structure, Absolute Positivity
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“Until the True Prophet Arises…”(1 Macc 14:41): The Political and Theological Dynamism of Early Jewish Messianism
“참된 예언자가 나타날 때까지…”(1 마카 14:41): 초기 유대교 메시아니즘의 정치적·신학적 역동성
박정수 Park Jeongsoo
74 (0) 41-70, 2025
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.41
박정수 Park Jeongsoo
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.41 Vol.74(No.0) 41-70, 2025
Abstract
This paperanalyzes how early Jewish messianism was politically and theologically redefined in the process of legitimizing the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty. Focusing on the phrase “until a true prophet should arise” (ἕως τοῦ ἀναστῆναι προφήτην πιστόν) in 1 Maccabees 14:41, this study examines how Jewish messianic expectations were not merely confined to religious ideals but were concretized through historical figures and events. It argues that the origin and development of messianism were dynamic phenomena that continually transformed under the political reality of Gentile domination. Judaism in the Hellenistic era was shaped by tension between two forces: the realpolitik of a high priest-centered theocracy and an idealized theological eschatology. This tension is reflected in the Hasmonean dynasty’s religious and political status as a “Jewish theocratic state” within the ancient Hellenistic world.
First, the paper presents the process of the “historicization of eschatology” in Qumran messianism, as discussed by Hartmut Stegemann. He argues that the concept of the messianic figure in the Qumran community expanded from an ethnic collective to an individual and subsequently to a “prophetic Messiah.” As evidenced by the expression “until the Prophet and the Messiahs of Aaron and Israel come” (1QS 9:11; cf. CD 12:23-13:1; 14:18; 19:10-11a; 19:33-20:1), the Qumran community envisioned eschatological messiahs corresponding to “king and priest” in relation to historical figures. On this theological basis, the author of 1 Maccabees could deploy the eschatological proviso “until a true prophet should arise” as political rhetoric to legitimize Simon’s rule. This strategy addressed the Hasmonean family’s weakness―its lack of Davidic lineage ―by converting royal authority into a conditional legitimization grounded in divine authority.
As a more specific instance, K. Atkinson shows that some Jews justified the Hasmonean king Hyrcanus I as a “prophetic Messiah,” interpreting his territorial expansion and military success as the fulfillment of Balaam’s oracle (Nm 24:17) or Jeremiah’s prophecy. By contrast, 4QTestimonia (4Q175) from Qumran criticized such popular messianism, denouncing him as the “man of Belial” who rebuilt Jericho and exposing the claim that he was a “prophetic Messiah” as false. This case suggests that the messianic controversy surrounding the Hasmonean dynasty developed into a theological struggle involving the reinterpretation of traditions for the “historicization of eschatology” and competing views of messianic identity.
In conclusion, early Jewish messianism took shape within a bipolar tension between the political reality of theocratic rule and theological eschatology. The Hasmonean family politically exploited this tension to promote a form of messianism that sought the “eschatological Messiah” in a historical figure. This tradition later contributed to placing messianism at the center of theological and political debates.
Key Words
유대교 메시아니즘, 쿰란의 메시아 사상, 마카베오기 상 14:41, 하스몬의 메시아니즘, 예언자적 메시아, Jewish Messianism, Qumran Messianic Idea, 1 Macc 14:41, Hasmonean Messianism, Prophetic Messiah
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A Missiological Reflection on John Wesley’s Propagation of Scriptural Holiness: Emphasizing the Inclusiveness of “Holy Love” and “Radical” Solidarity
존 웨슬리의 “성경적 성결의 전파”에 대한 선교 신학적 고찰: “거룩한 사랑”의 포괄성과 “급진적” 연대 의식을 중심으로
윤서태 Yun Suh Tae
74 (0) 71-98, 2025
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.71
윤서태 Yun Suh Tae
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.71 Vol.74(No.0) 71-98, 2025
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to deeply examine the missiological significance of the proposition to “spread scriptural holiness over the land,” which John Wesley declared as the central mission of the Methodist movement. It focuses particularly on Wesley’s conviction of God’s inclusive “holy love” and on the “radical” solidarity arising from it as the essential driving force of the 19th-century Wesleyan missionary movement. Methodologically, the study conducts a textual analysis of Wesley’s primary sources such as sermons, letters, and journals, alongside a review of secondary literature on Wesleyan theology. In addition, it integrates relevant historical and theological contexts―including the social and ecclesial situation of Wesley’s time and his missionary experiences in Georgia―to illuminate Wesley’s missiological reflection. The main body of the paper analyzes Wesley’s critique of antinomian tendencies (including debates over predestination and the Moravian doctrine of sanctification), as well as his critique of moralistic legalism. It examines the theological core of true faith as “faith working through love” (“scriptural Christianity”) and the inclusiveness of God’s holy love toward all humans and creatures, centered on the doctrine of prevenient grace. Furthermore, it argues that the radical solidarity―extending to indigenous peoples, the poor, enslaved persons, and the natural world―constitutes the core of Wesleyan missional theology. Wesley’s theology of mission thus offers fundamental impetus and criteria for the church to advance as a missional church in solidarity with neighbors, society, and the global community.
Key Words
존 웨슬리, 선교 신학, 성경적 성결, 거룩한 사랑, 급진적 연대 의식, John Wesley, Theology of Mission, Scriptural Holiness, Holy Love, Radical Solidarity
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Universal Atonement and the Universal Work of the Holy Spirit: A Systematic Theological Reinterpretation in Pentecostal Theology
보편 속죄와 성령의 보편적 사역: 오순절 신학에서의 조직신학적 재해석
하웅 Ha Woong
74 (0) 99-130, 2025
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.99
하웅 Ha Woong
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.99 Vol.74(No.0) 99-130, 2025
Abstract
This study reinterprets the doctrine of universal atonement through the lens of Pentecostal theology by integrating it with the universal work of the Holy Spirit. Conventional debates on universal atonement have centered on its conflict with limited atonement within predestinarian and soteriological frameworks, rarely engaging with pneumatology. Yet Pentecostal theology, which emphasizes the Spirit’s universal presence, prevenient grace, and missionary-eschatological expansion, offers fertile ground for a new synthesis. This article first surveys the historical development and theological tensions surrounding universal atonement, highlighting its struggle to hold together divine love and justice while affirming the universality of salvation. It then argues that the Spirit mediates the objective universality of atonement into its subjective application. Drawing on Amos Yong, Gordon D. Fee, and Frank D. Macchia, it shows that the Spirit universally proclaims and applies Christ’s atoning work. This pneumatological approach reframes universal atonement beyond predestinarian disputes and enriches Pentecostal theology’s theological identity and scope.
Key Words
보편 속죄, 성령의 보편적 사역, 오순절 신학, 조직신학, 선행은총, 구원론, Universal Atonement, Universal Work of the Holy Spirit, Pentecostal Theology, Systematic Theology, Prevenient Grace, Soteriology
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The Hospitality and Reconciliation of Language from the Perspective of Pentecostal Liturgical Theology: A Theological Response to an Age of Division
오순절 예배 신학의 관점에서 본 언어의 환대와 화해: 분열의 시대에 대한 신학적 응답
한우리 Han Woori
74 (0) 131-162, 2025
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.131
한우리 Han Woori
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.131 Vol.74(No.0) 131-162, 2025
Abstract
This paper aims to present theological grounds and practical applications for overcoming the crisis of linguistic pollution and corruption in modern society, focusing on Pentecostal worship theology. It expands the discussion of speaking in tongues (glossolalia) from its existing competitive and confrontational stance (as a spiritual language, an ecstatic experience, and a foreign-language phenomenon) to an event of linguistic performativity (koinonia) realized in the Holy Spirit. This discussion unfolds along two main lines. First, it focuses on the linguistic pollution and division revealed in the Tower of Babel incident, and on the restoration of language and communion through the Holy Spirit, as realized in the worship event in Mark’s Upper Room in Acts 2. Second, by referencing the liturgical tradition of the Azusa Street Revival, it illuminates more concrete and practical directions for realizing hospitality and healing, as well as communal reconciliation and unity, through language. In summary, this study presents three dimensions of the restoration of language in the kingdom of God through Pentecostal worship theology: the misuse and restoration of language between God and humans, the misuse and restoration of language between humans, and its specific application in worship.
Key Words
오순절 예배 신학, 언어의 환대와 화해, 방언, 언어 성찬, 차별과 배제의 언어, Pentecostal Liturgical Theology, Linguistic Hospitality and Reconciliation, Glossolalia, Linguistic Eucharist, Discriminatory and Exclusionary Language
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Holy Spirit Beyond Boundaries: Sacramental and Ecclesiastical Reconfiguration at Cane Ridge (1801)
경계를 넘어선 성령: 1801년 케인 리지에서의 성례전과 교회론적 재구성
이창우 Chang Woo Lee
74 (0) 163-190, 2025
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.163
이창우 Chang Woo Lee
DOI:10.18804/jyt.2025.12.74.163 Vol.74(No.0) 163-190, 2025
Abstract
The 1801 Cane Ridge camp meeting is widely regarded as a pivotal turning point in American Protestant history. However, existing research has either reduced it to a frontier social phenomenon or overlooked its theological significance. This paper interprets this meeting as a theological event rooted in the Scotch-Irish Presbyterian communion tradition and reconfigured by the powerful work of the Holy Spirit. Drawing on primary sources, including writings of Barton W. Stone (1772-1844), this study analyzes how sacramental structures, experiences of the Holy Spirit, and ecclesiastical identity intersected at Cane Ridge. This revival reexamined traditional sacramental structures, extended spiritual agency to women, African Americans, and laypeople, and redefined doctrinal boundaries, thereby transforming the church into a Spirit-centered community grounded in Scripture. It also foreshadowed the Stone-Campbell Movement’s vision of church unity. By recovering this often-neglected theological dimension, this paper aims to help Korean evangelical churches seek genuine spiritual renewal grounded in historical insight and theological discernment.
Key Words
케인 리지, 캠프 집회, 성찬 시즌, 성령론, 바톤 W. 스톤, 부흥 신학, 스톤-캠벨 운동, Cane Ridge, Camp Meeting, Communion Season, Pneumatology, Barton W. Stone, Revival Theology, Stone-Campbell Movement
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